不同干扰方式对内蒙古典型草原植物种组成和功能群特征的影响

Effects of different disturbance types on plant species composition and functional group characteristics of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia,China

研究休牧、补播和自由放牧3种人为干扰方式对内蒙古典型草原群落植物种组成、功能群组成、群落物种多样性和地上生物量的影响.结果表明:3种干扰方式对植物功能群结构及其多样性有显著影响,休牧方式下群落植物种数量、地上生物量、多样性指数和丰富度指数最大,分别为22种、171.32 g·m^(-2)、1.46和5.7,灌木半灌木和多年生禾草的重要值、物种所占比例、地上生物量、多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数显著高于其他干扰方式,多年生杂类草的重要值、物种所占比例、地上生物量、多样性指数和均匀度指数显著低于其他干扰方式,中生植物、C3和C4植物的地上生物量最大,分别为22.22、143.35和27.97 g·m^(-2).补播方式下,中旱生植物地上生物量最大,为13.60 g·m^(-2),旱生植物物种所占比例最小(48.5%),C4植物物种所占比例最大(28.8%).自由放牧方式下,一、二年生草本植物物种所占比例最大,达12.3%,中生植物和C4植物所占比例最小,分别为17.0%和20.9%.春季休牧措施有利于退化草原的恢复.

The impacts of three kinds of human disturbances,i.e.,non-grazing,reseeding and freegrazing,on plant community characters,i. e.,species composition,composition of functional groups,species diversity,and aboveground biomass,were studied in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia,China. The results showed that different disturbances had significant impacts on the structure and diversity of plant functional groups. The number of plant species,aboveground biomass,community diversity,and richness indices were the highest in the non-grazing treatment,with the figures of 22,171.32 g·m-2,1.46 and 5.7,respectively. The importance value（ IV）,percentage,aboveground biomass,diversity,richness,and evenness indices of shrub and sub-shrub,and perennial grasses were also the highest in the non-grazing treatment. In contrast,the IV,species percentage,aboveground biomass,diversity,and evenness indices of perennial forbs were the lowest in the non-grazing treatment. The aboveground biomass of mesophyte,C3 and C4 plants was the highest with the figures of 22. 22,143. 35 and 27. 97 g · m-2 respectively in the non-grazing treatment.The aboveground biomass of mesoxerophyte was highest（ 13.60 g·m-2）,the species percentage of xerophyte was lowest（ 48.5%） and that of C4 plants was highest（ 28.8%） in the reseeding treatment. The species percentage of annual or biennial herbs was highest（ 12.3%）,while that of mesophyte and C4 plants was lowest（ 17.0% and 20.9%） in the free-grazing treatment. The non-grazing treatment showed a beneficial effect for restoration of degraded grassland system.