生物有机肥对猕猴桃土壤酶活性和微生物群落的影响

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activities and microbial community in kiwifruit orchard

采用田间试验,研究了不施肥、施用生物有机肥、传统有机肥和化肥对猕猴桃土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构及其代谢的影响.结果表明：施用生物有机肥在猕猴桃生育期内可显著提高土壤蔗糖酶和荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶活性,分别比对照高出12.2%~129.4%、18.8%~87.4%.施用生物有机肥在膨大期和成熟期的土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他处理.Biolog微平板法测定结果表明,生物有机肥在猕猴桃生育期内提高了土壤微生物的平均每孔颜色变化率,增加了物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度,改变了微生物对6大类碳源的相对利用率,降低了微生物对氨基酸类碳源的相对利用能力,提高了微生物对多酚类和多胺类碳源的相对利用能力;主成分分析表明,对土壤中微生物起分异作用的碳源种类主要是糖类、氨基酸类和羧酸类.

A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of three fertilizer managements（ bio-organic fertilizer,traditional organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer） and a no-fertilizer control on soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity in a kiwifruit orchard.The results showed that the soil invertase and FDA hydrolase activities in the bio-organic fertilizer treatment were 12. 2%- 129. 4% and 18. 8%- 87. 4% higher than those in the no-fertilizer control during kiwifruit growth period,respectively. The application of bio-organic fertilizer also increased soil urease and acid phosphatase activities at the expanding stage and maturity stage. The Biolog results suggested that bio-organic fertilizer treatment improved the average well color development（ AWCD） and increased the species diversity,richness and evenness. The relative ratios of six groups of carbon sources by microbes were changed to some extent after the application of bio-organic fertilizer. Compared with the no-fertilizer control,bio-organic fertilizer application decreased the capacity of microbes in using amino acids,but enhanced the utilization of polyphenols and polyamines. The principal components analysis demonstrated that the differentiation of microbial community was mainly in utilization of carbohydrates,amino acids and carboxylic acids.