超临界CO_2流体中棉的组合酶退浆前处理

Desizing of cotton with composite enzymes in supercritical CO_2

研究了超临界CO_2流体中棉坯布的组合酶退浆工艺,并采用正交试验法对α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶和脂肪酶的组合比例进行优化。同时通过测定接触角及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了退浆处理后棉织物的润湿性及纤维表面形态。试验结果表明,该研究方法成功实现了超临界CO_2流体介质中棉织物的酶退浆处理;所选的各类酶对生坯棉的退浆前处理均表现出了不同效果。其中,纤维素酶最为显著,其次为α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和果胶酶;经超临界CO_2流体酶退浆处理后,棉织物的失重率与传统水浴法相当,润湿性好,表面浆膜等杂质得到有效降解去除。

An enzymatic desizing process is developed for grey cotton fabric in supercritical carbon diox- ide. Moreover, the ratio of the employed composite enzymes of α-amylase, cellulase, pectinase and li- pase is optimized by orthogonal test. The wettability of the fabric and morphology of fiber are also inves- tigated by employing an optical contact angle meter and a scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, re- spectively. The obtained results show that grey cotton fabric is successfully desized and pretreated by the supposed method in supercritical carbon dioxide. Different contributions from the components of the composite enzymes to the enzymatic desizing are observed with the highest from cellulase and then the α-amylase, lipase and pectinase. A comparable weight loss in comparison with conventional processes and a good wettability can be available for grey cotton fabric after a pretreatment by this sup- posed method in supercritical carbon dioxide, as well as for the efficient removal of starch sizes and oth- er impurities on the substrate.