国内外轴承钢的现状与发展趋势

Current status and development trend of bearing steel in China and abroad

目前国产关键轴承与日本、欧美等先进国家相比,在使用寿命、可靠性、Dn值与承载能力等方面存在较大差距,成为制约中国装备制造业发展的瓶颈。首先介绍了国内外在航空航天、高速动车和其他工业用高端轴承质量上的差距和中国高端装备制造对高端轴承的需求。然后介绍了国外超纯化、多样化、定量化和低成本化的轴承材料的发展现状,以及大幅度提升轴承材料寿命的新型热处理和表面改性技术。最后指出未来中国轴承钢研发不仅需要传统轴承钢冶金质量的提升和新型轴承材料的创新研发,还需要进行2~5GPa超高疲劳应力作用下轴承钢的组织演化、加工硬化和破坏机制等基础理论研究,以实现中国高端轴承钢的国产化,满足高端装备对高端轴承的需求。

At present, the big gap between China and abroad, such as Japan, Europe and USA, on the service life, reliability, Dn value and load capacity of key bearings, is a bottleneck restricting the development of equipment manufacturing industry in China. These big gaps between China and abroad on the quality of bearing for aero- space, high-speed train and other industries and the large need of high-end equipment manufacturing industry for key bearings were described firstly. And then the current status on super purification, diversification, quantifica- tion and low cast of production of bearing steel and new type technologies of heat treatment and surface modifica- tion which greatly enhance the life of bearing material were introduced. Finally, it was pointed out that the future development of bearing materials in China needs not only the promotion of metallurgical quality of conventional bearing steel and the development of new type bearing materials, but also the fundamental research on microstruc- ture evolution, work hardening behaviors and fatigue failure behaviors of bearing steel under ultrahigh fatigue stress of 2-- 5 GPa, so as to realize the production of high-end bearing steel in China and to meet the needs of high- end equipment for high-end bearings.