学龄前儿童饮食行为现状调查

Eating behaviors of preschool children:a survey study

目的了解学龄前儿童饮食行为现状及其与抚养人相关饮食行为的关系。方法对武汉市某区220名学龄前儿童的抚养人进行问卷调查,调查内容包括学龄前儿童饮食行为问题及抚养人相关饮食行为。结果学龄前儿童饮食行为问题检出率56.82%,抚养人相关饮食行为问题检出率较高的是喂养相关知识缺乏、允许儿童进餐时的其他行为、准备食物不够丰富多样。儿童饮食行为问题与抚养人自身存在饮食行为问题及强迫儿童多食显著相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论学龄前儿童存在饮食行为问题与抚养人相关饮食行为密切相关。建立儿科保健医护指导下以家庭为中心的饮食保健体系,促进抚养人科学喂养及发挥家庭环境因素的正向影响作用,对培养儿童良好的饮食行为习惯,促进儿童健康成长具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate eating behaviors of preschool children and the relationship with feeding practices of their parents and caregivers.Methods A total of 220 parents or caregivers of preschool children were surveyed to collect their feeding practices and eating behaviors of their children.Results At least one eating problem was found in 56.82% of the preschool children.The most common problem in feeding practices of parents or caregivers was inadequate feeding knowledge,followed by allowing children to do what they want during dinner time and inability to provide various foods.The eating behaviors of children were correlated with feeding practices of their parents or caregivers eg parents or caregivers had unhealthy dietary habits and they forced children to eat too much（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Eating problem of preschool children was induced by feeding practices of their parents or caregivers.Pediatric healthcare providers should build family-centered dietary support system to help parents or caregivers adopt scientific feeding behaviors and to instruct children to cultivate favorable dietary habits,so as to improve health and growth of children.