非营养性胁迫后鱼类补偿生长效应的研究进展

Research advances in compensatory growth of fish suffered non-nutritional stress

补偿生长是动物的一种生理生态适应性行为,也是评价其种群进化及环境适应能力的重要标准。文章通过对非营养胁迫后鱼类补偿生长的相关研究进行综述,分析其应用前景及存在的主要问题,发现当前的鱼类补偿生长研究仅局限于某一生态因子,缺少多生态因子协同作用或环境胁迫与营养胁迫协同作用方面的研究,且有关鱼类生物能量学机制尚不明确;过于注重对鱼类生长特性影响的研究,而忽视对水环境的生态保护效应。因此,今后应加强开展多因素协同作用诱导的补偿生长研究,从生物能量学角度出发,深入了解鱼类补偿生长效应的作用机制;同时针对工厂化水产养殖模式的特点,研究水体环境因子调控在鱼类补偿生长过程中引起的相关效应及机制,进一步强化工厂化养殖模式的优势,从而推进我国工厂化水产养殖模式的推广应用。

Compensatory growth is one of physiological and ecological adaptive behavior of animal species, and also an important criterion for population evolution and adaptability to environment. The present study briefly reviewed the research advances of compensatory growth effect in fish suffered non-nutritional stress, and analyzed the application prospects,existing main problems and corresponding research strategies. It was found that current studies on the compensatory growth of fish induced by non-nutritional stresses（environmental stress） had some deficiencies, as follows. Some studies are limited to single ecological factor, lacking of researches on synergistic effects of multi-ecological factors, or environmental stress and nutritional stress, and the bioenergetics mechanism was still not clear; Too much attention was paid to influences on growth characteristics of fish in current researches, but the ecological protection effect on water environment was ignored. Therefore, it is suggested that more studies should be focused on compensatory growth induced by synergistic effects of multiple environmental factors, and bioenergetics mechanism for compensatory growth in the future. Meanwhile,according to characteristic of factory aquaculture model, the related effects and mechanisms caused by water environmental factors control should be investigated in compensatory growth of fish, thus, the advantage of factory aquaculture model can be further strengthened, so as to promote the application of factory aquaculture model in China.