试析“茉莉花革命”以来美国对突尼斯的援助

An Analysis of the U.S. Foreign Assistance to Tunisia since the Jasmine Revolution

2011年初突尼斯发生"茉莉花革命"以来,美国力图通过对外援助支持和巩固突尼斯的国内转型,使突尼斯的转型成为美国在中东"促进民主"、推动政治经济改革的"样板"。在具体实施中,美国对突尼斯的援助呈现出三个特征:援助规模有较大提升;援助以双边账户和多国账户同时进行,其中多国账户的运用对美国迅速增加对突尼斯的援助发挥了重要作用;安全援助在美国对突尼斯的援助中占有很大的份额。究其原因,国会的支持和美国既有的中东援助体系使美国政府2011年以来能够迅速提升对突尼斯的援助规模;突尼斯转型进程面临的严峻安全挑战并未从根本上逆转美国援助突尼斯的积极态度,仅影响了美国援助突尼斯的资金流向,"安全第一"成为美国援助突尼斯的最重要的特征之一。

The so-called Jasmine Revolution erupted in Tunisia in early 2011. Since then,the United States has sought to support and consolidate the democratic transition in Tunisia with foreign assistance. In practice,America has increased its assistance to Tunisia. The support from U.S. Congress and the existing assistance system for the Middle East have enabled the Obama administration to aid Tunisia in a timely way; the serious security challenges in the Tunisian transition have not fundamentally altered the positive attitudes prevalent in the United States towards assisting Tunisia. However,such security challenges have had some impact on the assistance distribution,and 'Security First' has become the most prominent feature in America's foreign assistance to Tunisia.