湖南西部山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成研究

Comparison of Fat Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Carya Cathunanensis from Different Origins in Western Hunan Province

以湖南西部不同产地山核桃为试材,采用索氏提取法和GC-MS分析法,测定了8个不同产地（吉首、龙山、古丈、凤凰、麻阳、靖州、永定、慈利）山核桃仁中脂肪含量及其油脂中脂肪酸组成,并进行差异性和相关性分析。结果表明：山核桃仁中的脂肪含量在55.86%~61.57%,平均值为58.87%;山核桃油中共检测出棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸和二十碳烯酸8种脂肪酸,以油酸含量（67.01%）最高,其次为亚油酸23.9%、棕榈酸4.48%、硬脂酸2.42%、α-亚麻酸1.91%,其他脂肪酸含量较低,不饱和脂肪酸平均含量达到93.01%;主要脂肪酸含量差异程度依次为：油酸〉α-亚麻酸〉亚油酸〉棕榈酸〉硬脂酸,但含量差异不显著。

Fat content of eight kinds of Carya Hunanensis kernels from different origins in western Hunan province（ Jishou,Longshan,Guzhang,Fenghuang,Mayang,Jingzhou,Yongding,Cili） and fatty acid composition of eight kinds of Carya cathunanensis kernels oil were determined by soxhlet extraction method and GC- MS,and the variance analysis and relativity analysis were carried out. The results showed that the fat contents were about 55. 86% ~ 61. 57% in all of the Carya cathunanensis kernels,and average content was 58. 87%. Eight kinds of fatty acids,including Palmitic acid（ C16∶0）,Palmitoleic acid（ C16∶1）,Stearic acid（ C18∶0）,Oleic acid（ C18∶1）,Linoleic acid（ C18∶2）,α-linolenic acid（ C18∶3）,Arachidic acid（ C20∶0）,Cis- 11- Eiscosenoic acid（ C20∶1） were detected in the Carya cathunanensis kernel oil. The highest content of fatty acid was oleic acid（ 67. 01%）,then the content of fatty acid was linoleic acid（ 23. 9%）,palmitic acid（ 4. 8%）,Stearic acid（ 2. 42%）,α- linolenic acid（ 1. 91%）,the content of other fatty acid was less. The average content of unsaturated fatty acid was 93. 01%. The difference in oleic acid of fatty acid content of eight kinds of the Carya cathunanensis kernel oils was the most,followed by α- linolenic acid,linolenic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid,but the content of the difference was insignificant.