上海社区公园儿童活动区特征研究

Characteristics Research of Children′s Activity Area of Community Parks in Shanghai

本文综合运用文献研究、图像采集、平面测绘、实地观察等方法对上海24个社区公园儿童活动区进行调查,从区位与规模、界面要素、内部要素等方面分析了上海社区公园儿童活动区的特征:(1)33%的儿童活动区远离城市公园的出入口,可达性较差,83.3%的儿童活动区面积占公园总面积的比例低于2%,规模偏小;(2)儿童活动空间的界面要素基本为植物和道路场地2种类型,主要边界形态为口袋式和内凹式,场地类型单调;(3)没有明确的功能分区,活动设施只有组合滑梯、沙坑、木马、攀爬架等4类;(4)场地铺装主要有塑胶、地砖、混凝土等3类,形式简单、景观性与趣味性不高。由此提出设计优化策略:(1)儿童活动空间宜设置在临近公园主要出入口、并趋向自然的区域,与周边区域有相对的隔离;(2)通过边界形态和界面要素调节场地的开敞程度,形成更为丰富的活动空间;(3)根据不同年龄段儿童心理及行为特征合理分区、并导入相应的活动项目与设施,做到活动设施自然化、趣味化、景观化、安全化,提高场地空间的多功能性;(4)环境要素宜形式多样、色彩绚丽、安全可靠。以期对上海社区公园儿童活动区及同类项目的设计与改造提供借鉴。

Literature survey,image acquisition,plane mapping and field observation were employed to investigate children′s activity areas in 24 community parks in shanghai.The results showed that：（1）33.3%children′s activity areas had poor accessibility and 87.1% had small scales.（2）The main interface elements of children＇activity space were plants and roads.The boundary shapes of children＇activity space were monotonous with only pocket-like shape and concave-like shape.（3）There was no explicit sectorization.There were only 4types of activity facilities,which were combined slide,bunkers,trojans and climbing frame.（4）The pavements were simple and lack of landscaping and entertainment,which were only made by elastic,tile and concrete.In addition,optimal design strategies were putted forward as follows：（1）Children＇s activity area should locate nearby the main entrance of the park,tending to natural area,and relatively isolated from surrounding areas.（2）Children＇s activity area should be more abundant by regulating the opening degree through the boundary morphology and the interface elements.（3）Natural,entertaining,landscaping and safe activity facilities and related activities projects should be introduced into children＇activity areas to improve the multi function of space,which should be reasonably sectorized according to psychological and behavioral characteristics of children at different ages.（4）The environmental factors should be diverse,colorful,safe and reliable.This study provides reference for planning and reforming children′s activities areas of community parks in Shanghai and the similar projects.