欧盟农产品质量安全立法的实践和启示

Practice and Enlightenment of European Legislations on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

欧盟对农产品的安全保证和质量提升非常重视。对于前者,欧盟于2002年实施的《通用食品法》确定了从农场到餐桌的全程监管理念之对于后者,20世纪80年代后期就着手转型的共同农业政策也将重点从保障农产品数量安全转移到了提升农产品质量安全,并以此作为发展欧盟农业、改善农村环境、提高农产品国际市场竞争力的重要手段。有鉴于此,在我国修订《农产品质量安全法》之际,总结分析欧盟农产品质量安全立法方面的经验将从主体责任、灵活监管、市场准入、协调发展等方面,就完善我国农产品质量安全方法与管理提供借鉴。

The European Union attach great importance to the food safety assurance and food quality improvement. For the former, the EU has established the General Food Law to regulate the whole of food chain from farm to folk. For this purpose, on the one hand, the food hygiene regulations have been made to ensure that it is the food operators that should assume primary responsibility, on the other hand, the official control regulations have also been set up to verify the compliance of the food operators and legal enforcement at national level. Meanwhile, the EU has also integrated the marketstandards and quality labels to promote the agro-food in a systematic quality scheme. In view of this, the above-mentioned experiences from the EU can serve as points of references during the revision of the Chinese Laws on the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, with the purpose of refining the governance of quality and safety of agricuhural products from the perspective of primary responsibility, flexible regulation, market access and coordinated development.