空轨列车系统横向运动稳定性研究

Study on the lateral motion stability of sky train system

采用多体动力学理论建立60自由度空轨列车系统动力学模型，模型考虑橡胶轮胎一轨道非线性相互作用特性，抗横摆减振器及空气弹簧等悬挂系统的非线性特性。利用等效线性化方法对非线性特征进行线性化形成单轨列车系统线性模型，通过系统根轨迹分析研究空轨列车系统稳定性。通过数值积分求解非线性模型的动态响应，基于此对空轨列车稳定性开展研究。结果显示：抗横摆减振器阻尼在10～1000kNs／m范围变动时，车体横摆阻尼比为0．6％～11％，为保证系统稳定，抗横摆减振器阻尼取值应大于200kNs／m，以确保车体横向摆动能够快速收敛。轮轨游间对转向架的横向摆动和横向加速度有显著影响，特别是当游间较大时，转向架通过和驶出曲线时将会产生较为显著的横向冲击振动，其横向振动频率与车体横摆频率相同。在轨道设计中应尽量不设置较大的轮轨游间，在必须设置时应该确保抗横摆减振器具有足够阻尼，并对导向轮轮胎刚度进一步优化，以便减弱转向架和轨道梁间的冲击振动。

The dynamic model of sky train with 60 degrees of freedom was set up according to the theory of multi-pie body dynamics. The nonlinearity of tire track interaction, anti -swing damper, and air spring were consid-ered in the model. The linearity model of sky train was formulated through making the nonlinearity model linearwith the equivalent linearization method. The dynamic response of vehicle system was calculated to study the sta-bility of sky train system. The results show that the swing damping ratio of vehicle is in the range of 0.6 - 11% ,when the damp of anti - swing damper is in the range of 10 - 1000kNs/m. The anti - swing damper dampingvalue should be greater than 200kNs/m, in order to ensure that the lateral swing of the car can quickly convergefor the stability of the system. The tire track clearance has a significant effect on the steering swing and lateralacceleration of bogie. Especially, when the clearance is large and the bogies go through or exits the curve sector,there will be more significant impact vibration. The impact frequency is the same as the one of carbody swing.Therefore, the overlarge wheel/rail clearance should not to be set. If the clearance is necessary, the anti - swingdamper should have enough damping, and the tire stiffness of steering wheels need to be optimized for weakeningthe impact vibration between the bogie and the track beam.