重庆市活禽市场从业人员感染禽流感的风险调查

Investigation of risk of occupational infection with avian influenza virus in alive poultry markets in Chongqin

目的通过对重庆市活禽市场从业人员进行人禽流感防控知识和职业防护行为调查,结合环境禽流感病毒监测结果,评价该人群感染禽流感风险,为制定该类人群人禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法选取重庆市8个区(县)14家禽市场,采用自行设计问卷,对从业人员开展人禽流感防控知识、行为调查;用现场查看和访谈方式收集活禽市场现状与管理情况。结果 96名活禽市场从业人员人禽流感防控知识的总知晓率为18.5%,对传染源、相关疫苗、高危人群、传播途径和早期症状的知晓率分别为41.9%、21.3%、10.4%、7.3%和5.2%。主要途径为电视(94.8%)和网络(26.0%)。从业人员工作时佩戴口罩、手套、工作服和防护鞋的比例分别为5.2%、13.1%、28.7%和45.2%,接触禽类后有91.7%的人用水洗手。有30.2%选择去正规医疗机构诊治,有36.8%的人会主动告知涉禽职业。活禽市场管理不到位,消费者可零距离挑选活禽。2014年在调查的活禽市场环境标本禽流感阳性率为34.7%(247/711),其中H5亚型阳性率为18.3%(130/711)、H9亚型阳性率为16.5%(117/711)。结论重庆市部分活禽市场未进行规范管理,从业人员人禽流感相关知识知晓率低,防护意识和行为较差,存在较高感染风险。

Objective To evaluate the risk of the occupational infection with avian influenza virus in alive poultry markets in Chongqing,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the occupational infection with avian influenza virus.Methods Fourteen alive poultry markets were selected in 8 districts of Chongqing. A self-designed questionnaire was used and field survey was conducted to collect the information about the avian influenza prevention knowledge awareness and behaviors in workers engaged in poultry trade and the management of alive poultry markets. Results Among 96 alive poultry market workers,the awareness rate of avian influenza was 18. 5%,the awareness rates of infection source,vaccine,high-risk groups,route of transmission and early symptoms were 41. 9%,21. 3%,10. 4%,7. 3% and 5. 2% respectively. Television program（ 94. 8%） and internet（ 26. 0%） were the main channels to learn about avian influenza related knowledge. The percentages of wearing of masks,gloves,protecting clothes and waterproof shoes while working were 5. 2%,13. 1%,28. 7%and 45. 2% respectively,Up to 91. 7% of the workers surveyed washed hands after touching poultry. For medical care seeking,only 30. 2% of them went to see doctors in hospitals and only 36. 8% told doctors about their occupations actively.The alive poultry markets surveyed had no strict management system. Consumers could directly choose alive poultry. The positive rate of avian influenza virus in the market environmental samples was 34. 7%（ 247 /711） in 2014,the positive rates of H5 and H9 subtype viruses were 18. 3%（ 130 /711） and 16. 5%（ 117 /711） respectively. Conclusion No standardized management was conducted in the alive poultry market in Chongqing. Workers engaged in poultry trade had lowawareness of knowledge about human infection with avian influenza virus. Due to the poor self-protection,they had relatively high risk to be infected with avian influenza virus.