口腔中生物膜分散机制的研究进展

Review of the mechanisms of oral biofilm dispersal

细菌生物膜是细菌在介质表面黏附生存的细菌群体,生物膜菌落的形成使得细菌更容易适应周围环境。在生物膜发展的最后一个阶段,细菌从生物膜菌落中分离出来然后分散到周围环境中,这个过程称为生物膜的分散。生物膜分散由酶促降解、种植传播、鼠李糖脂的产生等机制介导,并受到自身以及外界多种物理化学因素等调控。口腔中生物膜分散一方面使细菌得以从病灶扩散到新的部位导致感染性疾病的加重,而另一方面,分散开的细菌由于失去生物膜的保护而变得容易去除和杀灭。通过对生物膜分散机制的研究,找到促进生物膜分散的途径,解决治疗难治性细菌感染的难题,是近年来的研究热点。本文就生物膜形成发展、分散机制、调控和临床意义做一综述。

Bacterial biofilm is a structure that makes bacteria adhere to a medium surface and this kind of colonies allows bacteria to adapt to the surrounding environment more easily. The final stage of biofilm development is the detachment of cells from the biofilm colony and their dispersal into the environment,which is called as biofilm dispersal. Biofilm dispersal can be mediated by the mechanisms such as enzymatic degradation,seeding dispersal,and the production of rhamnolipids. It can be regulated by the factors inside or outside the biofilm colony. Biofilm dispersal plays an important role in the exacerbation and spread of infection within a host. On the other side,the dispersal bacteria will lose the protection of the biofilm and making itself more easily to be wiped out. Biofilm dispersal is a promising area of research that may lead to find a way to promote biofilm dispersal and to provide a new idea for solving the intractable bacterial infection. This review describes the current status of research on biofilm formation,the mechanisms of the dispersal,the regulation of the dispersal process and the clinical implications of biofilm dispersal. The potential therapeutic applications will also be discussed.