深圳市0～6岁儿童家长出生缺陷防治知识知晓情况分析

Analysis on awareness of birth defects prevention knowledge among 0-6 years old children's parents in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市0~6岁儿童家长出生缺陷防治知识知晓情况,为制定针对性的出生缺陷防治健康教育策略提供参考。方法统一设计出生缺陷防治知识知晓情况流行病学调查表,医疗保健机构采用方便抽样选择调查对象,幼儿园以班级为单位,采用整群随机抽样方法选择调查对象,获得调查样本5 147例。结果出生缺陷防治知识知晓率为80.4%（4 139/5 147）,≤25岁的年轻家长出生缺陷防治知识知晓率最低为69.0%（629/911）;多因素分析显示,母亲年龄组、户籍及文化程度是0~6岁家长出生缺陷知晓的影响因素。知晓组和不知晓组婚前检查（χ~2=220.945,P〈0.001）、孕前检查（χ~2=141.297,P〈0.001）及产前检查行为（χ~2=111.586,P〈0.001）之间的差异均有统计学意义。结论≤25岁的年轻家长、文化程度低、外来流动人群是出生缺陷防治知识健康教育的主要对象,应予以重点关注。

Objective To study the awareness of birth defects prevention knowledge among 0-6 years old children＇s parents,in order to provide reference for health education strategies about birth defects prevention.Methods Uniform designed epidemiologic questionnaire of prevention knowledge about birth defects was adopted.Convenience samplingand cluster random sampling method was employed for medical and health institutions and kindergarten class as unit,respectively.A total of 5 147 cases were identified.Results Awareness rate of birth defects prevention knowledge among population was 80.4%（ 4 139 /5 147）,of which young parents in age group ≤ 25-years old was the lowest（ 629 /911,69.0%）.Multivariable analysis showed maternal age group,household register and educational degree were influential factors of awareness about birth defects prevention konwledge.Statistically significant difference was found among premarital examination（χ~2= 220.945,P 0.001）,pregnancy check（χ~2= 141.297,P〈 0.001） and prenatal care（χ~2=111.586,P〈 0.001） between awareness group and not awareness group.Conclusions Young parents in age group ≤25-years old,population of low educational degree and migrants were the key objects of birth defects prevention knowledge health education,they should be focused on.