从法官行政、司法二元身份到“法官中心主义”——以新公共管理为视角

From the Administrative and the Judicial Identities of the Judge to Judge Centralism: a New Public Management Perspective

客观认识法官身份中兼具的行政属性和司法属性的来源,充分理解司法管理、司法行政、司法审判与法官身份之间的关系,进而发现法官思维中行政思维对其司法思维的不当干扰的根源,才能真正解决长期以来法官行政思维对司法审判的影响。应理顺法官的行政、司法二元身份造成的二元思维模式,使其既能有效运用行政管理的高效率,又能保障司法的公正性。用司法的内在视角审视司法的行政行为及其行政思维,即为司法行政思维;用行政的内在视角审视司法行为及其司法思维,即为行政司法思维。无论是司法行政思维还是行政司法思维,都是由法官独特的身份所赋予的司法和行政的内在权力结构与外在权力张力之间的关系,缺一不可,但绝不能混同。解决当下司法困境的出路在于重新配置法官的行政与司法身份,确立"法官中心主义",改变以往行政为主、司法为辅的行政管理模式为司法审判为主、司法行政管理为辅的管理模式。

It＇s essential to recognize the source of both the administrative and judicial attributes in the status of judge objectively,and to understand the relationship among judicial management,judicial administration,judicial trials and the status of judge fully. Thus the root of inappropriate interference of administrative thinking of the judicial thinking in the mind of judge can be discovered and the influence of administrative thinking of the judge upon judicial trials could be eliminated. It＇s of great importance to break the binary thinking mode caused by the dual identities,i. e.,the administrative and the judicial,of the judge. Only in this way could both the efficiency of administrative management and judicial justice be guaranteed. Judicial administrative thinking relies on examining the judicial administrative behavior and administrative thinking with justice as an inner perspective. Similarly,administrative judicial thinking relies on examining the judicial behavior and judicial thinking with administration as an inner perspective.Whichever reflects the relationship of the judicial and administrative internal power structure and external power tension given by the dual identities of the judge. They are indispensable,but must not be confused. The way to solve the current judicial dilemma is to reconfigure the administrative and judicial status of the judge,to establish ＂judge centralism ＂,and change from the past administration- dominated,judiciary- supplemented management to the future judiciary- dominated,administration- supplemented management.