放活土地经营权的法制选择与裁判路径

Legality Option of Enlivening Land Management Right and Its Judgement Route

在"三权分置"构架下如何放活土地经营权存在不同主张,其焦点在于土地经营权能否构成一项独立的用益物权以及能否实现土地经营权的抵押。在现行法律未作重大修改背景下,应当立足于现行法律规范及民法理论,赋予土地经营权担保功能,维持土地承包经营权制度,坚持物权与债权以及抵押与质押相区分规则。作为一项债权性质的权利,土地经营权的流转形式主要包括转让、转租、入股及质押担保,司法机关可依据土地承包经营权的转包、出租、入股以及权利质押等法律规范予以裁判。

There are different views on how to enliven land management right within the framework of ＂Three- Right Separation＂. The controversy focuses on two points： whether the land management right can become an independent usufruct,and whether the land management right can be mortgaged according to laws in force. To enliven land management right on the basis of current laws theories,it is suggested to confer its guarantee function,to maintain the legal system of the contracting right of land management,and to distinct the property right and creditor＇s right,mortgage and pledge. According to the current law,the land management right is a kind of creditor ＇s right,and its circulation includes transfer,sublease,investment and pledge,which can be adjudicated under the rules of the subcontract,lease and investment of the contracting right of land management and the provisions of pledge of rights.