“九一八事变”后学人对甲午战争的探究热潮(1931—1945)——基于学术心态的考察

The Intensive Studies on the Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895 after the Mukden Incident(1931—1945)——A Study Based on the Academic Psychology

甲午战争发生后的30余年中,该役并未得到国人全面考稽和冷静反思。1931—1945年间中国学人对甲午战史关注骤切,掀起了一场探究热潮,其无疑是受"九一八事变"后日本不断蚕食中国的现实所激逼,其目的主要在于鉴往察今、惩前图后以及明耻奋进等现实诉求。是时,对甲午战史研究的具体诉求各异,或望国共合作抗日,或期政府重视军事,或劝政府勿恃外援。学人们既抱不同的现实诉求,也决定各自关注甲午研究的视角及内容不一。当时甲午战史的研究,确为抗日提供了一些极深刻而有益的教训。但在急切的现实诉求之下,历史也时会成为既定教训之注脚。

In the more than thirty years after the Sino -Japanese War of 1894--1895, the War was not reviewed fully andcalmly by Chinese. During the 1931--1945 years, Chinese Scholars payed close attentions to the War urgently and raised abinge of the Study, which was amused by the reality of Japanese swallowing our territory after the Mukden Incident. The funda-mental purpose of this study lied in the immediate demands, such as foreseeing the future by history, learn lessons from the pastand first humiliation then be brave. At that time, the specific and different purposes of this study were expectation of the coop-era- tion between Kuomintang and Communist Party, paying attention to military and no relying on the foreign aids, which de-cided different viewpoint and content of the Scholars. Then, this study indeed provided some profound and useful lessons forfighting japan＇ s invasion. However, The History became the footnote of the vested lessons at whiles with the ungent and imme-diate demands.