被遗忘的工人郊区化--以洛杉矶大都市区为例(1920-1940)

A Different Kind of Suburbanization: Los Angeles Working-Class Suburbs,1920—1940

美国郊区史研究的主流观点认为,中产阶级白人是郊区最早的居民,也是数量上占绝对优势的群体,甚至郊区就是中产阶级白人居住区的同义语。这种观点不仅在美国,而且在我国学术界也有很大影响。然而,根据近年的研究,许多大都市区也有数量可观的工人郊区,这一点洛杉矶最为典型。1920—1940年间,工人郊区曾是这里最主要的郊区模式,工人是此时洛杉矶郊区化的主要参与者,其动力是郊区的工业化进程、廉价住房市场和交通技术的进步。通过对人口统计数据中居民的职业、受教育情况、族裔、住房等信息的分析,可以揭示这种异于传统的郊区化模式。研究此前被认为不存在或被忽略的工人郊区的历史,有助于更全面地理解郊区化进程,丰富对大都市区发展历史的认识,也部分说明了环境不公正形成的历史原因。

The mainstream view of American suburban history is that middle - class whites were the earliest residents ofsuburban, they also were overwhelmingly in number. In this opinion, middle - class whites were the synonym of suburban. Thisopinion was widely accepted in both American and China. However, many metropolitans had considerable working - class sub-urban, of which Los Angeles is a poster child. Driven by industrialization and low - price house market of suburban, working -class suburban used to be the mainstream suburban models between 1920 and 1940. By analyzing the census＇ residents＇ ca-reer and houses, this thesis tried to uncover this new kind of suburban models, which can help us get more complete compre-hension to suburbanization, also enrich understanding to metropolitan history.