神话与政治——以东汉以来徽州方仙翁为中心

Myths and Politics——Taking Fang Xian-weng as an Example in Huizhou Since the Han Dynasty

东汉歙县的方储是徽州一个重要的民间信仰,历史上出现了一系列与其相关的神话。这些神话无一例外都是对当时政治的附会与隐喻,反映了民间的政治批评声音。如汉代的乘鹤神话批评东汉祥瑞政治,唐代的只履和血湖神话批评武则天政治,宋元的鞭死人和归葬神话批评两宋皇权政治,清代的忌辰神话批评康雍乾政治等。方仙翁神话的重要资料《开国公家世行实》证明是元代以来的伪作。

Fang Xian - weng was an important folk belief in Huizhou. Since the Han Dynasty, the local community com-piled many myths such as the riding crane,the shoe,the blood lake and the flogging dead. They were attached to politics,andreflected the criticism of the people. For example, the riding crane myth criticized the auspicious politics in the Eastern HanDynasty, the shoe and blood lake myths criticized Wu Ze - tian＇ s politics in the Tang Dynasty, the flogging dead and buryingmyths criticized the imperial power politics in the Song Dynasty, the deathday myths criticized the early politics in the Qing Dy-nasty. The important records of Fang Cbu who was regarded as an hero of family and country was confirmed to be a counterfeitsince the Yuan Dynasty.