维护言语行为的顺应认知模式研究

On the Adaptation Cognitive Model of Defense Speech Act

言语行为的研究经历了从理论建构的提出与完善走向具体言语行为研究的过程,而具体言语行为的研究又多集中在少数几个言语行为上,对于数量众多的言语行为来说只是冰山一角。本文以Verschueren的语言顺应论为基础,对鲜有研究的维护言语行为(Defense Speech Act)进行研究,分析其语言现象背后的认知模式,提出维护言语行为作为面子威胁行为的邻近对话轮,在对一定心理因素的考虑后,对心智、社交、物理三个相关语境成分进行顺应,并在语言形式与策略两个层面进行选择,最终以话语形式体现为维护言语行为,以期更好地解释该言语行为的运行机制。

The study on speech acts has gradually developed from the theoretical construction to specific speech acts,but the focus has been on a few speech acts which constitute only a drop of the ocean. Based on the Adaptation Theory proposed by Verschueren（ 2000）,this paper studies a rarely-concerned speech act—Defense Speech Act（ DSA） by analyzing its cognitive model behind the linguistic phenomenon,and proposes that as the adjacency pair of Face Threatening Act,DSA is finally embodied as an utterance after considering certain psychological factors,adapting to three contextual correlates—mental,social and physical worlds and choosing from language forms and strategies. This paper is trying to better explain the operating mechanism of this speech act.