第二语言学习者汉语声调习得的语言类型效应

The Typological Effects in the Production of Mandarin Tones by the Second Language Learners

第二语言学习者的母语调位系统对汉语声调的习得具有巨大的影响,不同母语类型的学习者在汉语声调习得过程中呈现出明显的语言类型效应,具体表现为:在调值上,曲拱调和平调语言类型学习者比非声调语言类型学习者敏感;而在调形上,曲拱调语言类型学习者比平调和非声调语言类型学习者敏感。此外,学习者的声调加工策略在汉语习得过程中具有显著的差异,是一个从基于母语声调的加工策略发展到基于汉语声调范畴的加工策略的过程。

The native tonal system of second language learners exerts a great influence on the acquisition of Chines tones. Learners from different typological language backgrounds showed distinct typological effects in the production of Mandarin citation tones： the learners from both the contour-tone and the level-tone language backgrounds are more sensitive than those from the non-tone language in the perspective of the tone pitch,and the learners from the contour-tone language are more sensitive than those from level-tone and non-tone languages in the perspective of tone shape. In addition,learners of different level of language proficiency differ significantly in utilizing the processing strategies： generally,in a dynamic process of shifting from the native-phonetic-based strategies to the target-phonetic-based strategies.