前路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位的疗效观察

Observation on the Curative Effect of Anterior Approach Surgery for the Treatment of Cervical Fracture-Dislocation

目的探讨颈椎前路减压复位植骨融合内固定手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位的疗效。方法对本院自2010年6月至2014年6月收治的24例下颈椎骨折脱位患者采用前路减压复位、自体骨植骨、锁定钛板或加钛网内固定手术,评估术后颈椎生理曲度、植骨融合程度、神经功能恢复情况。结果术后随访4-24个月,定期X线检查,发现术后颈椎Cobb角测量结果比术前明显改善。按照Lenke标准分级,椎间植骨在术后6个月内均得到有效融合。根据Frankel分级显示,绝大部分患者术后神经功能得到不同程度的改善。所有患者的JOA得分均有明显提高。结论下颈椎骨折脱位应用前路减压复位植骨融合内固定手术操作简单,可早期稳定脊柱,恢复颈椎正常弯度及高度,能有效解除脊髓压迫,促进脊髓神经功能的恢复。

Objective To explore the curative effect of anterior cervical decompression and reduction, bone graft fusion and internal fixation for the treatment of subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation. Methods A total of 24 patients with cervical fracture-dislocation admitted to our hospital from June 2010 to June 2014 were selected. All patients received anterior decompression and reduction, autograft, and internal fixation. The postoperative cervical curvature, bone graft fusion degree and recovery of nerve function were evaluated. Results All patients were followed-up for 4 ~ 24 months. The X-ray examination showed that the cervical Cobb angle after operation was significantly better than that before operation. According to Lenke classification standard, all the lumbar intervertebrae fusion achieved to effective integration within 6 months. According to the Frankel classification, most patients had varying degrees of improvement in the postoperative nerve function, and the JOA score of all patients had significant improvement. Conclusions Anterior cervical decompression and reduction combined with bone graft fusion and internal fixation for the treatment of subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation is easy to operative, which can early stabilize the spine, restore the normal cervical curve and height, effectively relieve spinal cord compression, and promote the recovery of spinal cord nerve function.