线粒体DNA的转录机制

The mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA transcription

真核生物的基因由核基因和线粒体基因(mt DNA)共同组成,mt DNA的生物合成是一个非常复杂的过程,需要核基因和mt DNA共同协同调节完成,大多线粒体蛋白在由核基因编码好后经特殊通道输送到线粒体内参与线粒体的各项生物合成。线粒体DNA转录需要核基因编码的几种蛋白,包括一个线粒体RNA聚合酶(POLRMT),线粒体转录因子A(TFAM),线粒体转录因子B1(TFB1M)或者线粒体转录因子B2(TFB2M)两者之一。本文对哺乳动物线粒体转录各因子的功能、各因子间的相互作用以及线粒体转录的调节进行了综述。

The gene of eucaryon is composed of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences（mtDNA）.The process of biosynthesis of mtDNA is very complex that needs the common cooperative adjustment of nuclear gene and mtDNA, and most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, and then transported to the mitochondria via special way to finish the biosynthesis of mtDNA. The transcription of mitochondrial DNA needs several proteins coded by nuclear gene,including a mitochondrial RNA polymerase （POLRMT）,mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM）,either mitochondrial transcription factor B 1 （ TFB 1M ）or mitochondrial transcription factor B2 （TFB2M） .This review summarizes the function of individual transcription factor,the interaction of the factors and understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in mammals.