曲折与辉煌──50年来我国农民利益状况的历史考察

Inspect of the Winding But Glorious Course──State of Chinese Farmers' Benefits Going During the Past Fifty Years

５０年来，我国农民利益状况经历了一个由曲折走向辉煌的历史过程：建国初期的土改与农业合作化时期，农民利益保护较好；１９５７年之后的“大跃进”、人民公社化时期，农民利益遭到严重侵犯；１９７８年至今，是农民利益得到根本保护的新时期。实践证明，充分调动农民积极性的关键，是保护农民利益。必须在经济上充分关心农民利益，在政治上切实保障他们的民主权利，这是解决当前农业、农村和农民问题的根本所在。

In this treatise, the writer holds that the state of Chinese farmers' benefits underwent a winding but glorious progress during the past fifty years:general protection during the land reform and agricultural cooperation; serious violation during the 'Great Leap' and the People's Commune; basic protection, since 1978, is well proved by facts that the farmers' productive enthusiasm is the fundamental guarantee to the advancement of agriculture and rural economy. However, the crux to bring the farmers' productive initiative into full play is to protect the farmers' benefits, that is, to fully care for the farmers' material benefits in economy, to realistically guarantee their democratic rights in politics, to formulate laws and regulations to protect their benefits in laws. These measures are the staring points and goals to solve agricultural, rural and farmer problems.