从诗界革命到南社:新古体诗的蜕生

Fromthe Revolution in the Poetic World to the Southern Society:Transmutation of the New Ancient Poetry

在白话文学占据绝对主流地位的现代,古体诗仍然拥有为数不少的作者与读者,这种诗体或被称为"旧体诗",我们姑且称之为"新古体诗"。它是在文学转型过程中逐渐从古典诗歌中蜕生出来的既异于白话诗,也不同于古体诗的新诗体。诗界革命之"新学诗"、"新派诗"、"新体诗"分别从传统学术层面、表现事物与语言层面、审美层面对古典诗歌进行解构;而南社诗歌则是古体诗歌转型过程中的又一次调整,其表现为有选择地整合传统与西学,确立诗歌的现实针对性与功利性,使古体诗在古雅表象下实现气质上的平民化。民国以后随着新学制的确立与普及,特别是五四新文化运动"死文学"的恶谥,使古体诗处境维艰,但经过文人学者、政要、以及其他古体诗爱好者的坚持,古体诗蜕生为一种新诗体。

In modern times whenvernacular literature occupied a mainstream position,the poetry in ancient style still owned lots of writers and readers.Some people call this poetic style as'old-style',and in this paper,it is called the'new ancient poetry'.It is a kind of new poetic style gradually emerging out of classical poems in the process of literary transformation which is different from both free verse in vernacular,and ancient poetry.The'newlearning poetry','new-school poetry',and'new-style poetry'in poetic revolution separately deconstruct classical poetry from the dimension of traditional academics,the dimension of language and things to be represented,and the dimension of aesthetic;while the poetry of the Southern Society is another adjustment in the transformation of ancient poetry,which expresses as selectively integrating the tradtional and Western learnings,as well as establishing the realistic pertinence and utility of poetry,to make ancient poetry realize a nature of plebification beneath its quaint surface.In the period of the Republic of China,ancient poetry entered a tough status along with the establishment and popularization of new educational system,especially with the derogatory title of'dead literature'given in the May Fourth Movement of new culture.Yet through the insistence of many scholars,politicians,and enthusiasts for it,ancient poetry transmuted into a kind of new poetic style.