从楚简本、帛书本、北大汉简本及今本看《老子》的编纂

The Compilation of Laozi:Based on the Editions of Chu Bamboo Slips,Silk Manuscript,Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty at Beijing University,and the Extant Text

编辑学虽然是一门新兴学科,但在我国学术史上,中古时期甚至更早,文本编辑就已经达到了一定的高度,道家经典著作《老子》的编纂就是一个很好的例证。近年来,《老子》马王堆汉墓帛书本、郭店楚简本的相继出土和北大汉简本的问世,为我们研究《老子》文本的编纂过程提供了可能。对比楚简本、帛书本、北大汉简本和传世的王弼本《老子》可知,从战国到两汉以至魏晋,《老子》的编辑者们对文本的编纂与修订主要体现在以下几个方面:其一,锤炼、校订文字;其二,补充、修改文意;其三,调整语序和篇章结构。这些富有创造性的编辑活动蕴含着古老而永恒的编辑理念:强调文本的逻辑性、追求文本的统一性。梳理此间编者们付出的努力和智慧,无疑能为中国早期的编辑史提供一个实实在在的例证。

Althoughredactology is only an emerging discipline,in the history of Chinese academics,the text editing had reached a fairly high level in the middle ages and even earlier than that,and the compilation of the Taoist classic Laozi could be a good example.In recent years,the sequential excavation of Laozi editions of silk manuscript from the Han Dynasty tomb at Mawangdui and the Chu bamboo slips at Guodian,as well as the appearance of the bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty at Beijing University,provide the probability for us to probe into the compiling process of Laozi.Through the comparison of above several editions and the extant edition annotated by Wang Bi,it can be known that from the Warring States period to the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the compilation and revision by the text editors mainly show in the following three aspects:first is to polishing and revising words;second,supplementing and amending the meaning;and third,adjusting word order and discourse structure.Those creative editing acts contain ancient and eternal editing idea of emphasizing the logicality and pursuing the unity of the text.Such efforts and wisdom paid by the editors is undoubtedly a tangible example in the early Chinese editorial history.