抗战前农田机灌事业的肇启——以建委会推行模范灌溉为例

On the Beginning of the Agricultural Machinery Irrigation before the War of Resistance against the Japan——A Case Study the Model Irrigation Authority of the Construction Committee

面对抗战前中国农村经济的凋敝,南京国民政府采取了多项措施予以恢复与发展。作为负责全国经济建设主要政府机构之一的建设委员会,成立了模范灌溉管理局,积极开展农田机灌事业以提高农业产量与生产效率,相继成立了武锡区灌溉管理处、庞山湖实验场与凤怀区实验场等机构,从此开始对全国各地机灌事业的管理。建设委员会对模范灌溉事业的经营和管理是我国农田机灌体制化的开端,其不仅开中央政府直接筹办机电灌溉事业之先河,而且开启了地方民智,培训了农业建设人才,为当地的农业经济建设树立了良好榜样。建设委员会模范灌溉管理局对农业灌溉事业的经营与管理是抗战前中国农田机灌事业的一个成功范例。

In the face of the Chinese rural economy depression before the War of Resistance against Japan, the Nanjing National Government has taken a number of measures to be restored. The Construction Committee, as one of the main government agencies responsible for economic construction, have responded positively to the central government called for increased measures for the revival of rural economy, established the Model Irrigated Authority, actively carry out agricultural irrigation project to improve the agricultural production and the production efficiency, following the established Wuxi irrigation district management office, PangShan lake experiment field and FengHuai area institutions such as the experimental field. The Construction Committee set a good example for the local agricultural economy construction. The Model Irrigation Authority of the Construction Committee on the operation and management of agricultural irrigation project is a successful example of the cause of agricultural irrigation modernization in China before the war of Resistance against Japan.