吉育系列大豆品种生育期组的划分研究

Classification Research on Maturity Groups of ‘Jiyu'Series Soybean Cultivars

为明确吉育系列大豆品种的生育期组（maturity group,MG）归属,促进不同区域间的科学引种,以15份美国大豆生育期组标准品种为对照,采用以对照品种的生育日数为参照标准和以品种的活动积温为划分标准两种方法,于2013和2014年对95份新近选育的吉育系列大豆品种进行了生育期组划分研究。结果表明：吉育系列品种生育期组介于MG0~MGⅢ组之间,居MGⅡ组的品种最多,MGⅢ组的品种最少。有89份参试材料按两种划分方法结果一致,占参试材料的93.7%;有6份参试材料的两种划分方法结果不在同一组内,占参试材料的6.3%。通过比较各生育期组品种在R1、R7和R8期的持续天数表现,验证了生育期组划分的正确性。综合两年试验结果发现,适宜吉林省大面积种植的早熟、中早熟大豆品种主要归属于MG0和MGⅠ组,中熟、中晚熟品种主要归属于MGⅡ。此研究结果为完善中国大豆生育期组划分系统和实现大豆品种布局的科学化与标准化提供了技术依据。

The objective of this study was to identify the maturity groups （MG） of ＇Jiyu＇ soybean cultivars in order to promote scientific introduction of soybean varieties between Jilin and other different regions and international exchange and cooperation. The MG category of 95 ＇Jiyu＇ series soybean euhivars released in recent years was identified in 2013 and 2014 using two methods of classification. The classification standard of the first method was according to the days from emergence to maturity of the standard varieties from USA. The second classification method was according to the active accumulated temperature of each cultivar. The results showed that the MGs of 95 varieties ranged from MG 0 to MGⅢ. MG Ⅱ contained the most varieties and MGⅢ contained the lest varieties. The classification results of 89 varieties were consistent according to the two classification methods accounting for 93.7% of the identified cuhivars. There were 6 varieties which were not classified the same maturity group accounting for 6. 3% of the identified cuhivars. Through the comparison of duration days of cuhivars from different MGs in R1, R7 and R8 stages, the validity of the MG category was verified. The early maturing varieties in Jilin were mainly belong to MG 0 and MG Ⅰ, and the late maturing cultivars were mainly belong to maturing group MG Ⅱ. These results will provide scientific data for the improvement of the system of maturity group classification system of Chinese soybean varieties.