寒地不同积温带野生大豆表型性状研究

Studies of Plant Phenotypic Characters of Wild Soybean(Glycine soja) in Different Accumulated Temperature Zones of Cold Region

采用在黑龙江省13个行政区原生境采集和异地繁殖结合的方法,研究了寒地不同积温带野生大豆植株的表型性状及变化规律。结果表明:不同积温带野生大豆表型性状存在差异,各表型性状的变异系数不同,存在多样性丰富和多样性单一的性状。叶片表型性状中叶面积和叶柄长度的多样性最丰富,在第一、三、五积温带采集的野生大豆分别在叶片形状、叶片大小和叶片颜色上的多样性最丰富。根系表型性状中根干重的多样性丰富,根直径多样性较单一,第六积温带根系表型性状较丰富,第一、二积温带采集的野生大豆根系表型性状较单一。在各农艺性状中,百粒重在各积温带群体中的变异极大,多样性最丰富,第二积温带采集的野生大豆百粒重的均值最大,第五积温带的百粒重的均值最小。在活动积温较高地点采集的野生大豆单株荚数、每节荚数、分枝数较多;不同积温带茎长的差异不明显。

Through the method of field acquisition and relocation propagation in cold region, the research of soybean morphological characteristics and change rule were conducted in different accumulated temperature zones. The results showed that there were differences in phenotypic characters of wild soybean in different accumulated temperature zones. Variation coefficients and diversity of phenotypic characters were different. The diversity of leaf area and leaf stalk length were best abundant in leaf character in the first, third and fifth accumulated temperature zone. The diversity of root dry weight was abundant and root diameter was univocal. The diversity of root phenotypic character was abundant in sixth accumulated temperature zone and univoeal in the first and second accumulated temperature zone. The diversity of 100-seed weight was highest in different accumulated temperature zones, The mean value of 100-seed weight was maximum in second accumulated temperature zone and minimum in fifth accumulated temperature zone. The pod number per plant, pod number per node and branching number were more in higher active accumulated temperature zone. The difference of stem height in different accumulated temperature zone was not significant.