广东地区过敏疾病患者常见变应原sIgE和tIgE分布规律

Distributions of sIgE and tIgE in patents with allergic diseases in Guangdong

目的：了解广东地区过敏性疾病患者变应原的种类、分布特征、变应原反应强度及sIgE和tIgE的分布规律。方法：对2009-2014年间就诊的7144例过敏性疾病患者血清样本进行常见15种变应原sIgE和tIgE的结果分析。结果：sIgE检测出阳性率62.4%,tIgE检测出阳性率54.6%。吸入性变应原阳性率最高为屋尘螨,食物组阳性率最高为牛奶。除了屋尘螨和粉尘螨,其他吸入性和食物性变应原IgE均是轻度过敏。年龄组分析显示变应原的致敏高峰：屋尘螨和粉尘螨致敏高峰分布于10~12岁;牛奶致敏高峰分布于3岁以下;鸡蛋致敏高峰分布于4~6岁。随着致敏的变应原数目增加,受试者血清tIgE水平及其阳性率均呈增长趋势。结论：屋尘螨、粉尘螨、牛奶、鸡蛋为广东地区过敏性呼吸道疾病的主要致敏原。研究不同年龄段过敏性疾病患者变应原特征,有助于过敏性疾病的早期诊断和早期干预。

Objective To investigate the types and distributions of allergens, and the responsiveness to these allergens SIgE and tlgE as related to allergic disorders in patients with allergies in Guangdong. Methods Serum samples were obtained from patients with allergic disorders （n = 7 144） who visited our hospital between 2009 and 2014. The sera were subjected to analysis of 15 common allergens. Results The positive rates of sIgE and tlgE were 62.4% and 54.6%, respectively. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（Der p） had the highest prevalence of aeroallergen-specific IgE and milk the highest prevalence of food allergen-specific IgE. Other aeroallergens and food allergens produced mild responses except Der p and Der f. The sensitization peak of Der p and Der f appeared at the age of 10 to 12 years. The sensitization peak of milk appeared at the age of less than 3 years and that of eggs did at the aged of 4 to 6 years. The averaged tIgE positive rate went up with the increase in the number of allergen sensitization. Conclusion Der p, Der f, milk and eggs are major sensitizers responsible for common allergic disorders in Guangdong. Knowledge concerning allergen characteristics at various age groups may be helpful for early diagnosis and intervention for allergies.