宪法宽容精神下的少数人权利保护研究

Constitutional Research on Minority Right Protection under the Spirit of Tolerance

宪法发展的历史表明,人权可能在民主的名义下遭受到严重的侵害,多数决定的民主原则本身就隐含着对少数人权利的现实危害可能性。为了使社会的每个成员都能切实享受到基本权利带来的利益,不仅要保护绝大多数人的基本权利,也要保护少数人的基本权利。而要实现这一目标,必须践行宪法宽容的精神。现代宪法所体现的宽容精神是少数人权利保障的伦理基础,宪法文本的规定是少数人权利保障的法制前提,而少数人权利保障则是法治国家实现宽容的必然要求。

Human right is the core content and ultimate pursuit of democratic constitution, and civi-lized nations always have clear regulations on citizens’ basic rights in its fundamental law. A studyon the constitutional history shows that human right may suffer from serious violation in the name ofdemocracy, and the democratic principle of majority decision itself implies real dangerous possibilityto minority right. In order to make every member of society truly enjoy the benefits of basic right,we not only need to protect the fundamental right of the vast majority of people, but also need toprotect the fundamental right of the minority. To achieve this goal, we must practice the constitutionin the spirit of tolerance. The spirit of tolerance embodied in modern constitution is the ethical basisof minority right protection, the rules of the constitutional text are the legal premise of minorityright, and minority right protection is the necessary requirement of the country to achieve toleranceunder the rule of law.