技术、教育和设计：人工科学

Technology, education and design: the sciences of the artificial

有效果、有效率、有乐趣的教与学体验的设计是技术、教学法和学科内容三方面知识协同作用的结果;这种知识包含两个方面的内容:每一种变量的能供性以及三种变量交汇而成的知识。米什拉(Mishra)和凯勒(Koehler)称这种知识为"技术-教学法-内容知识"。它是对李·舒尔曼(Lee Shulman)的"学科教学知识"概念的发展,增加了技术(即媒体)知识和内容知识(教与学的内容——学科知识)。"技术-教学法-内容知识"协同作用的核心是设计;设计是一门人工科学而不是自然科学,旨在创建并精心策划富有成效的教与学体验。

The design of effective, efficient and engaging learning and teaching experiences is the product of synergies derived from knowledge about the technology, pedagogy and the subject matter. It includes knowledge about the affordances of each attribute, as well as knowledge that lies at the intersections of these three variables. More recently dubbed as technological pedagogical content knowledge by Mishra and Koehler, this is an idea that extends Lee Shulman's concept of pedagogical content knowledge to include knowledge about the technology(i.e., the media), and the content(i.e., subject matter that is to be learned and taught). At the heart of synergies derived from this kind of knowledge is design which is a science of the artificial, as opposed to a natural science. And this is about creating and orchestrating productive learning and teaching experiences.