现代汉语“小心P”类结构探析

The Structural Analysis of Modern Chinese "Xiaoxin P"

在现代汉语中,"小心P"类结构多用于祈使句中,主要表达"提醒或警告的意思"。在该结构中,动词"小心"后面的P可以是NP、VP或AP。文章拟对动词"小心"后所加成分做结构分析。通过研究并分析,现代汉语"小心P"类结构中的"小心"为动词词性;用法上可以分为带宾语和不带宾语两种情况,其中带宾语的情况又可以分为带体词性宾语和谓词性宾语;其中根据NP充当的不同语义角色类型,"小心NP"可以分为三种类型:NP为施事、NP为受事和NP同时为施事和受事;此外,还分析了"小心+VP"和"小心别+VP"在肯定与否定方面的不对称问题。

In modern Chinese, ＂Xiaoxin P＂ is mainly used in imperative sentence, expressing the meaning of reminding or warning. In this structure, the ＂P＂ behind the verb ＂Xiaoxin＂ can be NP, VP or AP. This text will make a structural analysis of the composition behind ＂Xiaoxin＂. After the research, we learn that ＂Xiaoxin＂ is a verb in the structure ＂Xiaoxin P＂. There are two cases： the object added or not added. And the former can divided into nominal objects and predicate objects. According the semantics role types of NP, ＂Xiaoxin P＂ can be divided into three kinds： NP is object; NP is subject and both. Besides, we make an analysis about the differences between ＂Xiaoxin VP＂ and ＂Xiaoxin NO VP＂.