蔬菜作物灰葡萄孢菌对不同类型杀菌剂的抗性评价

Evaluation on Resistance of Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Vegetable Crops to Different Types of Fungicides

为评价灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抗药性发展现状,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了自华北地区蔬菜作物上分离得到的85株灰葡萄孢菌对苯并咪唑类(多菌灵)、二甲酰亚胺类(腐霉利)、N-苯氨基甲酸酯类(乙霉威)、苯胺基嘧啶类(嘧霉胺)、酰胺类(啶酰菌胺)以及苯并吡咯类(咯菌腈)等6种不同类型杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明:华北地区蔬菜作物上的灰葡萄孢菌对6种不同类型杀菌剂均产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中防治灰霉病的常用杀菌剂嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺以及新型杀菌剂咯菌腈的抗药性发展迅速。灰葡萄孢菌对传统杀菌剂多菌灵、腐霉利、乙霉威的抗性水平较高,总抗性频数分别为72.94%、51.76%、69.41%;多菌灵-乙霉威双抗频数为51.76%,多菌灵-腐霉利-乙霉威三抗频数为34.12%。灰葡萄孢菌对目前防治灰霉病的主要杀菌剂嘧霉胺及啶酰菌胺也已经产生了较高水平的抗性,其抗性频数分别为64.71%和65.88%。而对于新型杀菌剂咯菌腈的抗性频数为36.47%。共发现了40种多重抗药性的类型,且有32种多抗类型未曾报道;1株灰葡萄孢菌对6类杀菌剂均表现敏感,抗性频数为1.18%;5株灰葡萄孢菌对6类杀菌剂均表现抗性,抗性频数为5.88%。实际生产应用中应尽量避免单一杀菌剂的长期重复使用,建议多种药剂配合使用以延长杀菌剂的使用寿命。

For investigating the development situation of Botrytis cinerea resistance to different types of fungicides, 85 isolates obtained from vegetables in North China were tested for their sensitivity to benzimidazoles （ carbendazim ）, dicarboximides （ procymidone ）, N-phenylanilines （ diethofencarb ）, anilinopyrimidines （ pyrimethanil ）, amides （ boscalid ） and phenylpyrroles （ fludioxonil ） . The results revealed that Botrytis cinerea in North China have developed different levels of resistance to 6 different types of fungicides, and the resistances to common fungicides including pyrimethanil, bosealid and fludioxonil were spread quickly in managing the grey mold. At the same time, Botrytis einerea had generated a high level of resistance to carbendazim, procymidone, diethofencarb and the total resistance frequency were 72.94%, 51.76%, 69.41%, respectively. The frequency of double resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb was 51.76%, whereas triple-resistance to carbendazim, procymidone and diethofenearb was 34.12%. Moreover, high resistance level was also detected in the tested Botrytis cinerea to pyrimethanil and boscalid, 2 common fungicides for controlling gray mold, with resistant frequency 64.71% and 65.88%, respectively. Resistant frequency to the new fungicides fludioxonil was 36.47%. Forty multiple-resistance type were found in this research, and 32 types have not been reported yet. One strain that was sensitive to the tested 6 fungicides was reported, with frequency of 1.18%, while 5 strains resistant to the 6 fungicides were verified, with frequency of 5.88%. We suggest that long-term repeated use of a single fungicide should be avoided in controlling grey mold, and application of multiple agents should be recommended so as to prolong the service life of fungicide.