基于CCD漂移扫描技术监测地球同步轨道卫星试验

Experiment of monitoring GEO satellites with CCD drift-scan technique

在地球同步轨道卫星监测领域,利用地基光电望远镜的观测是主要的手段。2014年,通过改造中国科学院国家授时中心一台口径35 cm的望远镜,使其具备针对地球同步轨道目标进行CCD漂移扫描观测的功能。介绍了观测资料处理中的目标星象检测提取和天文定位的方法。利用该望远镜开展了地球同步轨道目标的观测试验。试验结果表明,该设备的同步轨道目标观测精度约为0.5″,其中望远镜指向的不稳定性是影响观测精度的主要因素。轨道改进试验表明,相对于仅用单圈次观测结果,利用多圈次观测结果的轨道改进效果明显,其中轨控发生会影响目标的预报精度,在无轨控发生时,24 h和48 h点位预报精度在方位和俯仰上均好于3″。

In the field of monitoring GEO （geosynchronous earth orbit） satellites, the observation with ground-based photo-electric telescopes is a main method. In 2014, a 35 cm telescope, which belongs to NTSC （the national time service center, Chinese Academy of Sciences） was upgraded to realize the function of CCD drift-scan to monitor GEO satellites. The method for detecting and extracting target images and celestial positioning in observation data processing is presented in this paper. Observation experiment of GEO satellites has been carried out with this telescope. The experimental results obtained with this telescope show that the observation precision for GEO targets is- 0.5＂ and the instability of the telescope pointing is the main factor affecting the accuracy of observation. The orbit-improving experiments show that the orbit improvement based on multi-pass observations is more effective than that based on single-pass observations. Orbit control can affect the forecast precision of targets, and in the absence of orbit control, the precisions of 24-hour/48-hour position forecast are all better than 3＂ both for azimuth and elevation.