厦门室内多溴二苯醚的沉降通量、季节变化与人体暴露水平

Indoor Deposition Flux,Seasonal Variations and Human Exposure Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Xiamen,China

室内灰尘是人体对多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)暴露的重要乃至主要途径.吸尘器收集的灰尘中PBDEs的含量与室内人员血液中该物质含量的相关性较差,不适用于估算人体暴露剂量,也不能研究其沉降通量及其季节变化,用被动采样法采集室内降尘则可弥补这些不足.在厦门市选取家庭、办公室、机房和家具厂等采样点49个,用水平放置的玻璃板(四周用洁净铝箔围起)采集一年四季的降尘样品,对降尘中PBDEs的沉降通量、含量、组成、季节变化与人体暴露水平等进行研究.厦门家庭、办公室、机房和家具厂中ΣPBDEs(16种BDE的和,含BDE-209)全年沉降通量几何均值分别为6.1、3.0、1.1和179.8ng·(m^2·d)^(-1),家庭室内ΣPBDEs沉降通量是办公室的两倍,但全年家庭室内降尘中ΣPBDEs的含量(445.5 ng·g^(-1))仅略高于办公环境(384.0 ng·g^(-1)).厦门家庭、办公室、机房ΣPBDEs年均沉降通量与国内外城市相比处于较低水平.家具厂PBDEs沉降通量远高于普通环境.秋季ΣPBDEs沉降通量最大.各类室内环境四季降尘ΣPBDEs中BDE-209的百分比几何均值都在80%以上.家庭、办公室和机房室内ΣPBDEs沉降通量和降尘通量显著相关,而家具厂ΣPBDEs沉降通量与降尘通量无显著相关性.家庭和办公室Σ_(15)PBDEs沉降通量与电脑年龄显著相关,而与电器和家具数量、装修等无统计显著相关性.室内降尘是人体对ΣPBDEs尤其是高溴BDEs的一条主要暴露途径.

Indoor dust was an important and even a major route of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers（ PBDEs）.However,the vacuum dust concentrations were less correlated with indoor residents＇ serum concentrations of PBDEs,thus inadequate for either estimation of human exposure dose or research of deposition flux and its seasonal variations. Passive sampling of indoor dustfall could offset these shortages. A total of 49 indoor sampling sites including homes,offices,computer rooms and furniture factory were selected in Xiamen,China to collect the four season dustfall samples with glass plates（ walled by clean aluminum foil）.Deposition flux,concentrations,congener profiles,seasonal variations,and human exposure to PBDEs in the dustfall were studied.The geometric means of the yearly round deposition flux of Σ PBDEs（ sum of 16 BDE congeners including BDE-209） in homes,offices,computer rooms and furniture factory were 6. 1,3. 0,1. 1 and 179. 8 ng·（ m^2·d）^（- 1）,respectively. The geometric mean deposition flux of Σ PBDEs in homes was 2 times of that in offices,but the concentration of Σ PBDEs in the dustfall from homes（ 445. 5 ng·g^（-1）） was only slightly higher than that of offices（ 384. 0 ng·g^（-1））. The Σ PBDEs deposition flux in homes,offices and computer rooms in Xiamen were at lower level compared with other cities around the world. The PBDEs deposition flux in furniture factory was much higher than that in the ordinary indoor environment. Autumn was the season with highest deposition flux ofΣ PBDEs. Geometric means of BDE-209＇s proportion of the Σ PBDEs in dustfall in all seasons in the four types of indoor environment were above 80%. The deposition flux of PBDEs was correlated to the dustfall deposition flux in homes,offices and computer rooms,but not that in furniture factory. Σ_（15）PBDEs in homes and offices were significantly correlated with the age ofcomputers,but not quantities of electrical and electronic products,furniture and interior decoration,etc. Indoor dust was a key route for human exposure to Σ PBDEs,especially for higher brominated BDEs.