两种养殖模式大黄鱼营养品质及其重金属含量分析

Comparison of nutritional quality and heavy metals of Pseudosciaena crocea in different farmed modes

以深水网箱和筏式网箱养殖大黄鱼为对象,通过对其基本营养成分、脂肪酸、氨基酸、质构、色泽等品质指标及重金属安全性进行分析与比较,为优化养殖模式及后续加工利用提供依据。结果表明:两种养殖模式大黄鱼蛋白质、水分、灰分和脂肪差异不显著(p>0.05),但深水网箱组具有蛋白质高、脂肪低的趋势特征。深水网箱组饱和脂肪酸及单不饱和脂肪酸均高于筏式网箱组,多不饱和脂肪酸总量低于筏式网箱组;两种养殖模式大黄鱼均检出16种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸含量最高,半胱氨酸含量最低,必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值为41.93%和41.59%,均符合WHO/FAO推荐AAS和CS标准。深水网箱与筏式网箱组大黄鱼呈味氨基酸与总氨基酸比值分别为40.61%和40.85%,差异不显著(p>0.05)。两种养殖模式大黄鱼铜、铅、汞、无机砷和镉等重金属含量均符合国家安全标准。筏式网箱养殖大黄鱼外观色泽更黄,但硬度、凝聚性、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性、回复性均低于深水网箱组,表明深水网箱养殖大黄鱼更有嚼劲,口感更好。

Basic nutrient components,fatty acids,amino acids,textural color properties and heavy mental of Pseudosciaena crocea which were cultured in the deep-water net cage and the raft net cage were analyzed and compared,it will provide the technology support for optimizing farmed styles and preservation utilization of Pseudosciaena crocea. The results showed that there were no significant differences（p〉0.05） in nutrition ingredients including protein,water,fat and ash in both farming modes,but there was a trend towards higher protein and lower fat in the deep-water net cage. The content of saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were lower,however,the content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids was higher than the raft net cage. Sixteen amino acids were found in Pseudosciaena crocea of two farmed styles. Glutamic acid was the highest,and cysteine was the lowest in sixteen amino acids. The value of essential amino acids/total amino acids were 41.93%and 41.59% in Pseudosciaena crocea which were cultured in the deep-water net cage and the raft net cage,which were met amino acid score and chemical score standard recommended by FAO/WHO. The deep-water net cage and the raft net cage of Pseudosciaena crocea flavor amino and total amino acid ratio were 40.61% and 40.85%,the difference was not significant（p〉0.05）. The heavy mental（Cu,Pb,Hg,As,Cd） was met national standards. The color of Pseudosciaena crocea in the raft net cage was yellower,but its hardness,cohesiveness,elasticity,gumminess,chewiness,resilience were lower than Pseudosciaena crocea in deep-water raft net cage,indicating the fish of deep-water tanks was more chewy reared and tasted better.