2011至2013年房山区3～6岁儿童体质测试结果分析

Results of physical fitness test for children aged 3-6 years in Fangshan District from 2011 to 2013

目的了解房山区3~6岁儿童体质状况,分析影响儿童体质发育的原因,促进儿童身体素质的平衡发展。方法选取房山区2011至2013年儿童体质监测年报表的单项指标为研究对象,采用x^2检验进行统计分析。单项指标包括:10米×2往返跑、立定跳远、网球掷远、双脚持续跳、坐位体前屈及平衡木。结果 10米×2往返跑、立定跳远、平衡木、双脚持续跳的5分值比率在40.7%~49.3%之间,说明儿童的灵敏素质、爆发力、平衡能力、下肢力量及协调性方面发展状况较好。儿童坐位体前屈的5分值比率,从3岁组的21.0%降低到6岁组的16.3%,表明年龄小的儿童柔韧性发展好。4、5、6岁3组城区儿童体测的优秀率均高于乡镇儿童,差异均有统计学意义(x^2值分别为16.69、5.50、6.58,均P<0.05)。城区儿童10米×2往返跑、立定跳远、双脚持续跳方面优于乡镇,差异均有显著性(x^2值分别为21.41、3.95、105.11,均P<0.05);乡镇儿童的走平衡木、坐位体前屈方面优于城区,差异均有显著性(x^2值分别为15.09、14.65,均P<0.05)。正常儿童体测的优秀率高于超重儿及肥胖儿,差异均有显著性(x^2值分别为95.05、299.15,均P<0.05);正常儿童的10米×2往返跑、立定跳远、平衡木、双脚持续跳均优于肥胖儿,差异均有显著性(x^2值分别为72.99、101.50、48.93、49.41,均P<0.05),说明正常儿童的灵敏素质、爆发力、平衡能力、下肢力量及协调性方面均优于肥胖儿。结论儿童单项素质指标发展不平衡;城乡儿童身体综合素质发育状况存在着差别;不同营养评价结果影响儿童单项素质指标的发展。根据不同地区、不同体格发育状况的儿童单项指标测试结果 ,开展形式多样、内容丰富的户外游戏活动,提高儿童的户外活动兴趣,促进儿童的身体综合素质平衡发展。

Objective To know the physical status of children aged 3 -6 years in Fangshan District and analyze factors affecting children＇ s physical development so as to promote balanced development of children＇ s physical fitness. Methods Single index in children＇ s fitness and health monitoring annual reports was selected from 2011 to 2013 in Fangshan District as research objects. Statistical analyses were conducted by x2 test. Single index included 10 meters × 2 shuttle run, standing broad jump, throwing tennis ball, continuous jump with feet, sit and reach and balance beam. Results Five-point ratio of 10 meters × 2 shuttle run, standing broad jump, balance beam and continuous jump with feet ranged 40.7 % 49.3% , which indicated that children＇ s development of agility, explosiveness, balance, strength of lower limb and coordination were in relatively good condition. Five-point ratio of sit and reach flexibility test fell to 21.0% in 3-year-old children group and 16.3% in 6-year-old children group, indicating that younger children had better flexibility. The excellent rates of physical tests were higher in urban children aged 4, 5 and 6 than those in rural children, and the differences were significant （χ^2 value was 16.69, 5.50 and 6.58, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）. The test scores of 10 meters x 2 shuttle run, standing broad jump and continuous jump with feet were higher in urban children than those in rural children with Significant differences （χ^2 value was 21.41, 3.95 and 105.11, respectively, all P 〈 0. 05）. Rural children outperformed urban children in balance beam and sit and reach test, and the differences were of statistical significance （X2 value was 15.09 and 14.65, respectively, both P 〈 0.05 ）. Healthy children had higher excellent rates in physical fitness test than overweight children and obese children. The differences were statistically significant （χ^2 value was 95.05 and 299.15, respectively, both P 〈 0.05 ）. Healthy children outperformed obese children in 10 meters ×2 shuttle run, standing broad jump, balance beam and continuous jump with feet. The differences were statistically significant （X2 value was 72.99, 101.50, 48.93 and 49.41, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）. The preceding results indicated that healthy children outperformed obese children in agility, explosiveness, balance, strength of lower limbs and coordination. Conclusion There are imbalances in results of single index, and differences exist between urban children and rural children in development status of comprehensive quality. Different nutritional assessment results can affect the development of children＇ s single index. Based on results obtained from single index tests in children from different areas and of different physical status, it is necessary to organize various outdoor activities that are rich in form and content so as to improve children＇s interests in outdoor activities. Besides, these activities will help to promote a balanced development of children＇ s comprehensive quality.