潍坊地区自然流产的遗传学病因研究

Genetic etiological analysis of spontaneous abortion in Weifang

目的探讨潍坊地区自然流产的主要遗传学因素。方法选取2011年8月至2014年8月在潍坊市妇幼保健院自愿接受检查的812对自然流产夫妇及其清宫术后的812例流产胚胎进行染色体检查,同时选取100对至少生育过1胎且生育史正常的夫妇作为对照组,分析流产胚胎染色体异常与双亲染色体、孕妇年龄、自然流产次数和孕周的关系。结果①自然流产胚胎组织812例,其中染色体异常397例,异常率为48.89%;②812对(1 624例)自然流产夫妇存在染色体异常者61例,异常率为3.76%;对照组100对(200例)夫妇存在染色体异常者2例,异常率为1.00%,两者间比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=4.056,P<0.05);③61对双方之一存在染色体异常的夫妇,其流产胚胎存在染色体异常者45例(73.77%),751对双方染色体均正常的自然流产夫妇,其流产胚胎染色体异常352例(46.87%),两者间比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=16.337,P<0.05);流产胚胎染色体异常与双亲染色体异常具有相关性(c=0.140,P<0.05);④812例自然流产胚胎根据孕妇年龄、自然流产发生次数及流产发生的孕周不同分组,其异常率与孕妇年龄、流产发生孕周有关,经比较差异均有统计学意义(x^2值分别为19.044和8.827,P<0.05)。结论①胚胎染色体异常是导致潍坊地区自然流产发生的主要因素;②自然流产夫妇染色体异常率高于正常人群;③胚胎染色体异常与双亲染色体异常有相关性。

Objective To investigate the major genetic factors of spontaneous abortion in Weifang area. Methods From August 2011 to August 2014 in WeiFang Maternal and Child Health Hospital 812 couples and their spontaneous abortion tissues were collected for chromosome examination. At the same period 100 normal couples with at least one gravity were collected in control group. The relationship between chromosomal abnormality of spontaneous abortion tissues and their parents＇ chromosome, maternal age, times of spontaneous abortion and gestational weeks was analyzed. Results The abnormal rate of chromosome of spontaneous abortion tissues was 48.89% （ 397/ 812）. That of couples with spontaneous abortion and the controls was 3.76% （61/1624） and 1.00% （2/200）, respectively, and the difference was significant （χ^2 = 4. 056, P 〈 0.05 ）. Of 61 couples with abnormal chromosome in one part, 45 embryos had abnormal chromosome （73.77%）, while 352 （46.87%） abnormal embryos were found in 751 normal couples. The difference between them was significant （χ^2= 16. 377, P 〈 0. 05 ）. There was correlation between parents＇ chromosomal abnormality and embryos＇ chromosomal abnormality （ c = 0. 140, P 〈 0.05 ）. The chromosomal abnormality rate of abortion embryo was correlated with maternal age and miscarriage week based on grouping according to maternal age, loss times and miscarriage weeks （χ^2 value was 19. 044 and 8. 827, respectively, both P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Embryo chromosomal abnormality is the main reason of spontaneous abortion in Weifang area, and it is correlated with parents＇ chromosomal abnormality. Chromosome abnormality rate is higher in population suffering spontaneous abortion than in normal people.