先唐文学中的乐舞形象——以《诗经》《楚辞》、汉魏六朝诗赋为例

The Music and Dance Image in Pre-Tang Literature—Illustrated by“The Book of Songs”( 诗经),“Songs of the South”( 楚辞),and Poetries of the Six Dynasties

音乐和舞蹈最先是作为文学意象出现在《诗经》里的。诗经里不少有关宴飨、祭祀的诗歌都有关于乐舞场景的描写,这些作品反映两周时期贵族阶层的生活画面。《楚辞》有关祭神歌辞的作品对乐舞场面的描写更多。汉代乐舞艺术蓬勃发展,乐舞百戏在宫廷民间广泛流传,国家还专门设立乐府作为管理音乐的机构,更进一步推动乐舞艺术的发展。汉赋中出现音乐赋这一崭新的题材。汉魏六朝时期的音乐赋不仅篇目众多、创作规模较大,而且这些音乐赋所咏之音乐题材,包括咏乐器、咏歌、咏舞、咏乐人等,这在很大程度上奠定了此后音乐诗歌的创作方向。

The music and dance as a literary imagery first appeared in ＂The Book of Songs＂（ 诗经）,in which multiple scenes featuring banqueting,feasting and sacrificing activities were described,reflecting a panorama of aristocratic life in the Eastern and Western Zhou dynasties. In this regard,＂Songs of the South＂（ 楚辞） boasted a greater depiction of music and dance scenes for sacrificial and ritual purposes. The flourishing development of the arts of music and dance coupled with the widespread dissemination of folk music,dances and acrobatics in and off court had prompted the feudalistic regime to set up special management agencies or organizations for music and dance,further promoting the development of the arts of music and dance. Under such circumstances arose Han Fu,which is a kind of musical poetry prevalent in the Han Dynasty. The musical poetry of the Six Dynasties witnessed prolific and large-scale creations,whose themes ranged from musical instruments,folk songs,dances,to musicians,et cetera,which laid a solid foundation for future development of music and poetry.