时间洞察力与大学生幸福感的关系

The Relationship between Time Perspective and Well-being of Undergraduates

幸福既是认知上的满意、情感的快乐,也是个人因实现潜能、期望或参与社会活动而体验到的积极体验。幸福的含义是快乐论和实现论的统一,是主观(情绪)幸福感、心理幸福感和社会幸福感三者的统一。从既有的文献来看,人类经验世界的时间指向会影响到一个人不同层面的幸福感。时间洞察力反映了个体经验世界的时间标识。鉴于此,在大学生人群中考察时间洞察力与主观(情绪)幸福感、心理幸福感和社会幸福感的关系。使用标准化的青年学生时间洞察力问卷、简版心理健康连续体量表随机对702名大学生进行调查。结果显示:大多数学生的幸福感水平较高,但并不存在性别、年级和专业的差异;过去、现在和未来时间洞察力的属性(指向性、清晰度、长度、态度、密度)与主观(情绪)幸福感、心理幸福感和社会幸福感存在显著的相关关系,并能有效地预测这三类幸福感的水平;在有明显时间指向的人群中,过去时间定向大学生的主观(情绪)幸福感、社会幸福感显著低于现在和未来时间定向的学生。这些结果表明,时间洞察力的属性影响着大学生的主观(情绪)幸福感、心理幸福感和社会幸福感。未来的研究可以进一步探讨人类经验世界中的时间指向、所涉事件的性质对幸福感的影响。

Well-being is both the satisfaction, happy mood and the positive experience due to potential expectation,or attend to social activities. The concept of well-being synthesizes hedonic and eudemonia and is the unity of subjective（emotional） well-being, psychological well-being and social well-being. From the existing literature, the time orientation of human experience affects the levels of human＇s well-being. Time perspective reflects the time identification of individual experience world. In view of these, to assess the wellbeing of undergraduates with the time perspective, 702 participants completed the Youth Students＇ Time Perspective Questionnaire and Mental Health Continuum Short Form in Adults. The results show as following.The first, the majority of subjects experienced a relatively high well-being and there were no differences in gender, grade and major. The second, attributes of the past, present, and future time perspective were associated with the emotional, psychological and social well-being. The third, the level of emotional and social well-being in past time orientation individuals was significantly lower than that of the present and future orientation individuals. These results suggest the levels of well-being in undergraduates are influenced by the attributes of time perspective. Future research could further explore the relationship between the time orientation, the nature of life events in human experience and the well-being.