大学生社会适应力模型研究——以“95后”大学生为例

A Study on the Model of Social Adaptation of College Students——Taking students born after 1995 as an example

社会适应是获得社会生存的基本法则,社会适应力对自我长期发展和身心健康有重要作用。大学生社会适应力指向于大学生能独立处理日常事件和承担社会责任,达到其年龄和社会文化条件所期望的程度。目前,高校在读大学生大部分为1995年后出生,其成长过程处于我国改革纵深发展阶段,也是信息经济深度融入各行业领域的时代,"95后"大学生不但具备成年早期的基本心理特征,也受到社会结构和时代文化迅速变迁的影响,这对个人、高校和社会的教育培养模式提出新的难题。因此,了解他们社会适应力的时代特征和心理行为倾向,对个人的健康成长和职业发展有着重要意义,对高校而言,把握他们的社会适应力特征,可以将教育体系与社会供需实现精准化匹配,缓解就业困难问题,也是帮助个体实现成功就业的关键。本研究对435名"95后"大学生进行社会适应力研究,构建大学生社会适应力模型,并对该模型进行探索性因素分析,模型拟合良好。该模型包括四个维度,分别是环境适应、情感适应、角色适应和自我适应。结果表明:"95后"大学生的社会适应力水平整体处于中等水平;情感适应的得分最高,其次是环境适应、角色适应和自我适应;各维度之间具有显著差异。

Social adaptation is the basic law of social existence and it also has effects on one＇s long-term development and mental health. The social adaptation of college students refers to processing the life events and social responsibility coping with the expectation of their life roles. At present, as for most of college students who were born after 1995, their growth period were in the advancing stage of China＇s reform and a period in which information economy embedded in various industries. At present, the college students not only have psychological characteristics in early adulthood, but also are affected by the rapid change of social structure and culture, which provides new requirements to the education system. Therefore, it is necessary to explore their social adaptation, which is significant for individual health growth and career development and can achieve accurate matching between the education system and social demand. Four hundred and thirty-five college students were examined for the study on the social adaptation. The college students＇ social adaptation model is set up with acceptable responsibility and reliability. The model consists of four dimensions, which are environmental adaptation, emotional adaptation, role adaptation and self adaptation. The results show that college students are at moderate level of social adaptation, the emotional adaptation scores the highest,followed by environmental adaptation, role adaptation and self adaptation. There is significant difference between the various dimensions.