虚实结合与协同共治:政府治理网络暴力的路径选择

Virtuality and Reality Combination and Collaborative Governance:the Approach of Government Governing the Network Violence

在"全民发声"的新时代,日益频发的网络暴力乱象作为一种社会软风险,已经成为转型时期典型的社会问题。如何提升政府治理网络暴力的能力与效能,是当前政府面临的治理挑战与难题。世界上的发达国家主要从技术、法规、组织及社会动员四方面治理网络暴力:利用科学技术,加强监控与过滤;健全专项法律法规,依法治网;成立专门的组织机构,加强行政管制;动员社会力量,实行多元治理。近年来,我国在科学技术、法律规章、政府组织和社会动员四个层面进行了大量尝试,取得了某种程度上的进展,但也存在着一定的不足,同时,政府治理还面临着如何处理好与保障公民权利、与促进经济发展、与推进政府建设之间的关系的多难选择,政府因此处于一种"有为"与"有限"的"难为"境地。网络治理是一个长期的过程,需要政府和各种力量长久不懈的努力,为实现网络安全有序,我国政府治理网络暴力的可行路径在于虚实结合、协同多元主体,构建"主动规管—带动共治"的综合治理体系。具体来说,政府一要增进福利与绩效,稀释社会矛盾,缓和现实愤怒;二要在网络平台积极回应,参与虚拟互动,构建政府话语权威;三要规范与适度监管网络运行,保障网民权益;四要传递道德价值,促进网民自律与责任;五要协同媒体与互联网行业,动员社会组织。

In a new era of ＂everybody expressing opinions＂, network violence as a social soft risk has increasingly become a typical social problem during the period of social transition. How to improve the ability and performance of government governing the network violence is a government administration problem and challenge. Mainly the foreign governance is by technology, laws and regulations, organization and social mobilization： to make use of science and technology, strengthen the monitoring and filtering, to improve the special laws and regulations, to govern by law, to set up special organizations, strengthen the administrative controls, and to mobilize social forces to implement multiple governance. In recent years, China also has a certain exploration, such as using the science and technology, the laws and regulations, the organizations and the social forces. However, there are many problems. Governance is facing how to deal with the relationship between governing network violence and protecting the rights of citizens, and promoting economic development, and promoting the construction of the government. The government is under a difficult state of＂doing something＂ and ＂doing some limited things＂. For the realization of the order network, governance path is ＂virtuality and reality combination and collaborative governance＂. The first is to promote the welfare and dilute social contradiction and ease real anger. The second is to actively respond on the network platform and participate in virtual interaction and construct government discourse authority. The third is to regulate and approximately supervise network operation, safeguard the rights and interests of Internet users. The fourth is to transfer moral value and promote netizens self-discipline and responsibility. The fifth is to coordinate the media and Internet industry and mobilize social organization.