大理双廊白族本主祭祀食事研究

Food Rituals for the Bai People's Patron God in Shuanglang,Dali

白族有丰富的祭祀饮食文化,尚且缺乏深入的专项研究。本文以大理双廊为田野点,围绕红山本主巡境祭祀中的饮食事象,借鉴象征人类学的相关理论方法,分析红山本主的地方文本,呈现并解读其献祭仪式的行为方式和内部逻辑。研究认为巡境之前的准备实质上是对仪式空间和祭祀主体的净化;巡境途中的各司其职和行为规范实质是对族群集体记忆的建构与活化;巡境抵达之后献祭牺牲的过程实质是用动物替代人的献祭,完成与神祇的交换。献祭后的宴飨,既是分享福报,也是将人身上的死亡象征剥离出来,使人回归到世俗空间。

Bai people have abundant culture on food rituals,but a few specific researches on it. This paper based on the fieldwork in Shuanglang Town of Dali,focuses on foodways during their patron god pageant ceremony,displays and analyses people＇s behavior and logic,with the theories and methodologies from Symbolic Anthropology,and local documents as well. Thus,it thinks the preparation before the pageant is essentially some purification for the ritual space and the people. Duties and regulations in the pageant are a construction and activation of their group memory. When get into the temple,the procedure of sacrifice is to kill animals instead of human,so as to complete the exchange with patron gods. In addition,the feast after sacrifice is not only sharing the blessings,but also pull people out of the death symbol and back to normal life.