活体肾移植供者的长期医学风险

Long-term medical risks to the live kidney donor

活体肾脏捐献造福众多终末期肾病(ESRD)患者,但也给供者带来医学风险。尽管15年供者累积ESRD发生率<1%,但其发生ESRD的风险比健康非供者高。然而,供者在捐献后10年内全因死亡率、心血管疾病风险、需要透析治疗的急性肾损伤、需要外科治疗的肾结石的发生率均与健康非供肾者相似。供者痛风的发生率、女性供者发生妊娠期高血压和先兆子痫的风险均比健康非供肾者高。

Living kidney donation benefits recipients but carries long-term risks for the donor. Two studies have been reported a higher risk of end-stage renal disease（ ESRD） among donors than among healthy nondonors; however,the absolute 15-year incidence of ESRD was〈 1%. In the first decade after donor nephrectomy,the incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among donors seems to be similar to that among healthy matched nondonors,as do the risks of acute kidney injury（ AKI） that requires dialysis,and kidney stones that require surgical intervention. Some evidences suggest that the incidence of gout as well as gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia in pregnancies is higher among donors than among healthy nondonors.