1971—2013年敦煌旅游气候舒适度分析与评价

Analysis of Tourism Climate Comfortableness in Dunhuang City during 1971-2013

旅游气候舒适度是评价和分析旅游资源的重要指标。为了科学合理评价和利用敦煌的旅游气候资源,本研究利用敦煌市1971—2013年逐年逐月逐日气温、相对湿度、平均风速和日照时数等气象观测资料,运用温湿指数、风寒指数、着衣指数和人体舒适度指数4种旅游气候舒适度评价指数,计算敦煌逐年逐月逐日旅游舒适指数,分析敦煌年内气候舒适期起止时间、期间天数;年际、月均变化特点以及各指数舒适期天数年际间是否存在突变等。分析结果表明:较适宜旅游季节从4月中旬开始,10月上旬结束;5月、9月最适宜旅游,4—10月较适宜旅游,这一结果反映了敦煌夏季干燥炎热的沙漠气候特点。4种指数模型计算出的指数年际和月均变化趋势不一致,计算出的较舒适期天数在年际间存在突变现象,敦煌旅游舒适日在年际间呈突变增多的趋势。研究结果为敦煌旅游发展规划和游客选择旅游时间提供了一定的科学依据。

Tourism climate comfort is an important indicator of tourism resources. In order to analyze the tourism climate resources in Dunhuang city, By using Dunhuang＇s daily air temperature,relative humidity, average wind speed and sunshine hours and other meteorological data from 1961 to 2013, and using the models for calculating temperature humidity index（THI）, wind-chill index（WCI）, index of clothing（ICL）and human body comfort index（K）, the probabilities of annual and daily tourism comfort indexes in Dunhuang are calculated, the beginning and ending date and duration of comfortable days in Dunhuang are also analyzed, and the characteristics of average monthly change, annual variation are discussed as well. By building a comprehensive comfort index,it shows that for Dunhuang the relatively comfortable period for tourism begins in mid-April, and ends in early October. April to October is suitable for tourism, which reflects the desert climate characteristic in Dunhuang, where summer is dry and hot. The annual and monthly trends calculated by four index models are inconsistent, and it is found that the relatively comfortable period that is suitable for tourism exists mutation, which is increasing. The results provide scientific basis for the tourism development planning and enjoyable time of tourism in Dunhuang city.