日粮营养水平对思南黄牛生长性能的影响

Effects of dietary nutritional levels on growth performance of Sinan cattle

文章研究了不同营养水平日粮对思南黄牛生长性能的影响。试验选择27头思南黄牛公牛随机分为3组,每组9头牛,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别饲喂低、中、高3种不同营养水平日粮。结果显示:试验牛的干物质采食量、日增重均随日粮营养水平的提高而增加,而料重比随之下降。与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组牛的干物质采食量分别提高了2.70%(P>0.05)和3.60%(P<0.05),日增重分别提高了18.06%(P<0.05)和22.22%(P<0.05),而料重比分别下降了12.58%(P<0.05)和14.66%(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组牛的胴体重、屠宰率、肉重、净肉率和背膘厚均显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。但三组试验牛的胴体骨重、胴体骨率和眼肌面积差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅲ组牛肉的粗蛋白质含量显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);粗脂肪含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组牛的大理石花纹显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。但三者的熟肉率、失水率、嫩度、p H值、肉色、水分和粗灰分差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:提高日粮营养水平有利于提高思南黄牛的生长性能,提高屠宰率和净肉率,改善牛肉风味。

In this article, a trial was carried out to study the effects of dietary nutritional levels on growth performance of Sinan cattle. A total of 27 Sinan cattle were used, which were allocated to 3 treatments randomly, each with 9 head of cattle, and was fed with a diet of lower（group Ⅰ ）, medium （group Ⅱ） and high（group Ⅲ） dietary nutritional level. The result showed that with the dietary nutri- tional level increasing, the average daily feed intake （ADFI） and Average daily gain （ADG） of the cattie increased, and the feed gain ratio （FGR） decreased. Compare to group Ⅰ, the ADFI of the cattle in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ were increased by 2.70% （P〉0.05） and 3.60% （P〈0.05）, the ADG were increased by 18.06% （P〈0.05） and 22.22% （P〈0.05） respectively, and the FGR were decreased by 12.58% （P〈0.05） and 14.66% （P〈0.05） respectively. The weight of carcass, dressing percentage, meat weight, net meat percentage and back fat thickness of cattle in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ were significantly higher than group Ⅰ （P〈 0.05）. But no significantly difference was found in carcass bone weight, carcass bone percentage and eye muscle area among the three groups（P〉0.05）. Compare to group Ⅰ, the content of crude protein in beef of group Ⅲ was 0.05）, while the content significantly lower （P〈 of crude fat was significantly higher （P〈0.05）. The marbling scores in beef of group Ⅱ, Ⅲ were significantly higher than group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）. No significantly difference was found in cooked meat rate, water loss rate, tenderness, pH, meat color, moisture content and crude ash content in beef among the three groups （P〉0.05）. In conclusion, enhance dietary nutritional level helps to improve growth performance, dressing percentage, nel meat percentage and beef flavors of Sinan cattle.