新疆五堡墓地出土干燥皮革文物的劣变与保护

Deterioration and conservation of archaeological dry leather

皮革很容易劣化腐变,因此我国出土皮革文物数量很少。新疆、甘肃等北方地区出土的一些皮革文物,是研究古代人们生产生活的重要实物资料。为此,本研究探讨了出土干燥皮革文物发掘前和发掘后的劣变因素,并以新疆五堡墓地出土皮革文物的保护修复过程作为实例,对出土干燥皮革的保护方法和过程进行了阐述。在显微镜观察评估病害基础上,对皮革文物采取杀虫、加湿整形等处理。结果表明:干燥皮革劣变的内因主要是皮革本身的组成结构和鞣制方法,外因则主要是皮革出土前所处的土壤埋藏环境和出土后的大气保存环境,保护处理后的皮革恢复形状,可满足展览要求。本研究结果可为出土干燥皮革文物的保护研究提供参考。

It is difficuhfor ancient leather to survive underground, so few leather relics have been excavated in China. Most of them have been found in the dry burial conditions that are found in dry climate of places like Xinjiang and Gansu in Northwest China. These archeological leathers are good materials to learn about the life of ancient peoples. The deterioration of dry archaeological leathers, including the internal and external causes, before and after excavationare discussed in this paper. Internal causes include the nature of leather and the tanning process; external causes are the soil conditions of the burial site and the preservation conditions after excavation. The process of conservation of dry leather from Wubao Tomb of Xinjiang province was used as an example in this paper. Methods used in the conservation of archaeological dry leather are introduced as well.