论中西方人格观念的深层差异

The Deep Difference on Ideas of Persona lity Between West and China

本文不同意日本学者把中西方人格观念的差异归结为群体性与个体性,或“间-个人性”与“个人性”之间的差异,分别从共时态结构与历时态结构对中西方人格观念进行比较分析,提出中国古代人格观念在深层结构上突出和讲求个人性、个体性——一种以神性为中心的人格,而在表层结构上突出和强调集体性或间-个人性一一一种伦理-政治关系的应答性的角色,人格与角色的统一不二,构成了一种有机的人格观念结构。西方古代的人格观念则不然。其个人性与群体性、或人格与角色大抵是分离的,难以调和与有机地统一起来,这是一种思辩-分析的人格观念。中西方人格观念的差异包蕴于中西方两种自成系统的文化传统之中,是中西方文化传统中最深层的价值本性和思维方式不同的映现。它们在不同程度上影响着中西方现代社会中的人们的人格观念。

Undoubtedly, there are deep differences on ideas of personality between West and China. The thesis disagrees with Japanese scholar's view that difference on ideas of personality between West and China is a collectivity —and individuality or inter-individuality. It points out Chinese archaic ideas of personality in deep structure are individuality—a personality of center on the deity,but it in surface structure is a collectivity or inter-individuality a role in an answer for the relationship of ethics-politics, the unity of personality and role had got an organic system of ideas of personality in the companion study of transverse and fore-and-aft tense on ideas of personality between West and China. Western archaic ideas of personality are distinct form Chinese archaic ideas of personality. It's collectivity and individuality or personality and role is disjunctive, and it is impossible to combine collectivity and individuality or personality and role. It is a kind of speculation-analysis idea of personality. The deep differences on ideas of personality between West and China are different reflections of the nature of value and the method of thinking in their deep structure. They contain their systems of cultural tradition and influence in various degrees on people and their ideas of personality in modern society of West and China.