安徽省乡镇卫生院放射防护现状调查

Investigation of Radiation Protection Status in Rural Public Health Centers in Anhui Province

目的调查了解安徽省乡镇卫生院放射防护现状,为加强基层放射卫生防护工作,提高其辐射防护安全水平提供重要依据。方法采用填写调查表的方法获取乡镇卫生院放射防护现状,并抽取职业健康检查机构2013-2014年度上报的放射工作人员体检数据。结果反映乡镇卫生院放射防护工作状况的11项调查指标合格率偏低,特别是"有健全的放射工作人员职业健康档案"者仅占25.95%,"配备有受检者个人防护用品"者和"定期进行机房防护检测和机器性能检测"者均不到50%;放射工作人员的健康状况总体尚好,但放射工作防护条件较差和工作时间较长者的白细胞减少、眼晶状体混浊以及淋巴细胞微核异常率等指标与其他放射工作人员进行比较,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基层医疗单位的放射防护工作急待加强,需加大对设备、人才和技术的支持力度,使放射诊疗质量和辐射安全与基层卫生保健医疗同步协调发展,造福于广大民众。

Objective To investigate the Status of Radiation Protection in Rural Public Health Centers in Anhui Province to provide important basis to strengthen radiation hygiene supervision at basic level to improve radiation safety c, ondition in rural public health centers. Methods The questionnaires were filled in to learn the current situation of radiation protection in rural public health centers. The radiation workers＇ medical examination data from 2013 to 2014 in rural public heahh centers reported by the occupational physical examination institutes were sampled to explore the health status of radiation workers, Results The qualification rate of 11 indices to reflect the status of radiation protection in rural public health centers was low, sepecially the rate of centers which established sound radiation worker occupational health archives was only 25.95% , the rate of centers which provided personal protective equipment for the subjects and the rate of centers which periodically undertook machine room protection detection and machine performance detection were all less than 50% ;Overall, health status of radiation workers was good,but the reduced white cells, eye lens opacities detected by slit lamp and the lymphocyte mic, ronuclei abnormality rate in radiation workers with longer work time and to work under worse protection condition were compared with those in other radiation workers, the difference between them was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Radiation protection in the medical therapy units at basic level must urgently be strengthened, support to installations, talents and techniques need be enlarged to make radiation diagnosis and treatment quality and radiation safety and primary level health care medicine synchronously and harmoniously develop to bring benefit to extensive populace.